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KMID : 0359119750070020039
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Korean Journal of Gastroenterology
1975 Volume.7 No. 2 p.39 ~ p.55
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Studies on Venerupin Shellfish Poison in Korea
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Hong, Sa Suk/洪思奭
Kim, Won Joon/Kim, Kyung Hwan/Lee, Yoo Bock/金源准/金景煥/李有福
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Abstract
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This report is a part of a series of studies on the outbreaks of shellfish poisoning which took place in Okpo Bay of Koje island, Korea between 1968 and 1971. Clinical and epidemi-ological studies were published previously (Yonsei J Med Sc 2 : 217-222, 1969; Asian J Med 8 : 385-388, 1972). The present study concerns the toxicity of the shellfish poison "venerupin" extracted from clams obtained at the bay. Toxicity is measured by mortality, hepatotoxicity and other disorders through animal experiments. The mortality-of all animals (mice, rats and rabbits) which intra-peritoneally received the extract of Okpo clams gathered in April 1970 was 50 to 66 per cent. However, only one out of 46 animals receiving the extract of clams obtained in places other than Okpo Bay died. From 1972 until May of 1975 the extract of clams obtained from various coastal areas including the Okpo Bay were tested from time to time in mice and rats, but none manifested the syndrome of shellfish poisoning or fatality. The extract of clams from Okpo Bay contained much higher phosphorus, and intraperitoneal injection of this extract into rabbits induced prolongation of blood coagulation from 24 hours which continued for more than 7 days. Hepatic da-mage ranged from individual cell necrosis to massive necrosis depending on the amount injected. The necrosis started from midzone of the hepatic lobules and extended to the centrilobular zone in rats, while it was exhibited as central hemorrhagic necrosis in mice. Ultrastructural changes consisted of vesicular dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and swelling of mitochondria followed by degradation of cytoplasmic organells. The results, together with previous clinical and epidemiological studies, indicate that 1) the venerupin shellfish poisoning is limited to the Okpo Bay area only, 2) the outbreak of shellfish poisoning at Okpo Bay area between 1968 and 1971 is due to venerupin poison and 3) the fatal outcome resulted from hepatic damage.
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